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Jihad of Fulani reformer, Uthman dan Fodio, leads to Fulani hegemony over most of North Nigeria under first Fulani Amir al Mumenin, Muhammad Bello, with capital at Sokoto. Origins of Sokoto Caliphate.

Egypt ruled by Muhammad Ali under loose Ottoman suzerainty.

British occupation of Cape settlement made good against French rivalry.

British outlaw maritime slave trade.

British law passed declaring buying, selling and transporting slaves illegal (ownership continues).

Stein’s Edict (Heinrich Friedrich Karl Stein, 1757-1831) abolished the legal status of serfdom for all of Prussia.

North America abolish slave trade.

Dutch outlaw slave trade.

Participation of Prussia together with Austria, Russia and France in negotiations in London to abolish the slave trade.

Foundation of Bathurst.

Semi-autonomous Turco-Egyptian régime in Egypt.

Foundation of Liberia.

Founding of Anti-slavery Committee London.

French seize Algiers: beginning of French occupation of Algeria.

British law passed declaring ownership of slaves illegal.

Beginning of regular trade between the independent cities of Bremen and Hamburg and the West African Coast.

Great Trek of Afrikaner settlers northward, away from British control.

Afrikaner found the Republic of Natal.

Amistad slave ship rebellion.

British annex Natal.

Seventh war against Africans.

"Memorandum on the elevation of Prussia to a first class sea, colonial and world power" presented to the United Parliament of German States.

March revolution in Berlin. Abolition of slavery in France.

British attack and occupy Lagos.

Theodore II emperor of Ethiopia.

Alhaj Umar begins Jihad from Upper Guinea: founds Tuculor state on Middle Niger.

Faidherbe French governor of Senegal settlement.

French occupy Dakar.

First railway in Cape Colony.

Indentured Indian labour begins.

American Civil War.

Egypt under Khedive Ismail.

British at war with Asante.

British annex southern Ghana. Defeat Asante.

Diamonds discovered in South Africa.

British under Napier briefly invade Ethiopia; defeat armies of Theodore, who kills himself (1868).

13th Amendment abolishes slavery in America.

Founding of the North German Confederation. In the USA: Abolition of slavery after the end of the Civil War.

Berlin becomes the capital of the North German Confederation; Article 4 of the Constitution secures the Confederation the possibility of overseas acquisitions.

Establishment of a branch of the Hamburg trade company of Carl Woermann in Cameroon.

Portugal abolishes slavery.

Overthrow of the French monarchy; declaration of the Republic.

Proclamation of the Second German Reich in Versailles; Otto von Bismarck, Chancellor until 1890. Article 4 of the constitution of the North German Confederation - The securing of the possibility for overseas acquisitions - included without modification in the Constitution of the Second German Reich.

Slave market in Zanzibar closed.

Ninth war of settler expansion against Africans in South Africa.

• Exhibition of "Exotic Peoples" - Nubians (from Egypt and Sudan) in Berlin, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Dresden and London
• The Fisk University Jubilee Singers from the USA perform in Berlin

Zulu defeat the British at Isandhlwana.

British penetration into lands north of Limpopo under (Rhode's) British South Africa Company.

• Two assassination attempts on Wilhelm I in Berlin. (until 1890) Socialist Law (law supressing the Social Democrats)
• Founding of the Zentralverein fuer Handelsgeographie und Foederung deutscher Interessen im Ausland (Central Association für Geographic Trade and Supporting German Interests) in Berlin, First German Colonial Congress.
• Exhibition of "Exotic Peoples" - Nubians in Berlin; at the Oktoberfest, Munich.

Founding of the Verein fuer Handelsgeographie und Kolonialpolitik (Central Association for Geographic Trade and Colonial Policy) in Leipzig.